Included in an exhibition, titled Rhetorics of Surveillance from Bentham to Big Brother, at ZKM Karlsruhe in 2001, opening almost exactly a month after 9/11, iSee, by the Institute of Applied Autonomy, is a web-based application charting the locations of closed-circuit television (CCTV) surveillance cameras in urban environments. With iSee, users can find routes that avoid these cameras (“paths of least surveillance”) allowing them to walk around their cities without fear of being “caught on tape” by unregulated security monitors.

(See also the NYC Surveillance Camera Project.)